In the Matter of H-V-P-, Adopted Decision 2016-01 (AAO Feb. 9, 2016), the USCIS established as binding policy guidance on all USCIS employees that specialty care physicians are eligible for physician national interest waivers for service in an area designated by the Secretary of HHS as a HPSA and as a MUA/P.

Asylum For Refusal to Serve in Internationally Condemned Military
Opposition to compulsory military service does not ordinarily qualify an alien for asylum. However, an alien who opposes serving in a military condemned by the international community for inhuman conduct may have a colorable asylum claim.